Hasta La Motion!

These are the molecular machines inside your body that make cell division possible. Animation by Drew Berry at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research. http://wehi.tv

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Every day in an adult human roughly 50-70 billion of your cells die. They may be damaged, stressed, or just plain old – this is normal, in fact it’s called programmed cell death.

To make up for that loss, right now, inside your body, billions of cells are dividing, creating new cells.

And cell division, also called mitosis, requires an army of tiny molecular machines.DNA is a good place to start – the double helix molecule that we always talk about.

This is a scientifically accurate depiction of DNA. If you unwind the two strands you can see that each has a sugar phosphate backbone connected to the sequence of nucleic acid base pairs, known by the letters A,T,G, and C.

Now the strands run in opposite directions, which is important when you go to copy DNA. Copying DNA is one of the first steps in cell division. Here the two strands of DNA are being unwound and separated by the tiny blue molecular machine called helicase.
It literally spins as fast as a jet engine! The strand of DNA on the right has its complimentary strand assembled continuously but the other strand is more complicated because it runs in the opposite direction.
So it must be looped out with its compliment strand assembled in reverse, section by section. At the end of this process you have two identical DNA molecules, each one a few centimeters long but just a couple nanometers wide.

To prevent the DNA from becoming a tangled mess, it is wrapped around proteins called a histones, forming a nucleosome.
These nucleosomes are bundled together into a fiber known as chromatin, which is further looped and coiled to form a chromosome, one of the largest molecular structures in your body.
You can actually see chromosomes under a microscope in dividing cells – only then do they take on their characteristic shape.

The process of dividing the cell takes around an hour in mammals. This footage is from a time lapse. You can see how the chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell. When everything is right they are pulled apart into the two new daughter cells, each one containing an identical copy of DNA.
As simple as it looks, this process is incredibly complicated and requires even more fascinating molecular machines to accomplish it. Let’s look at a single chromosome. One chromosome consists of two sausage-shaped chromatids – containing the identical copies of DNA made earlier. Each chromatid is attached to microtubule fibers, which guide and help align them in the correct position. The microtubules are connected to the chromatid at the kinetochore, here colored red.
The kinetochore consists of hundreds of proteins working together to achieve multiple objectives – it’s one of the most sophisticated molecular mechanisms inside your body. The kinetochore is central to the successful separation of the chromatids. It creates a dynamic connection between the chromosome and the microtubules. For a reason no one’s yet been able to figure out, the microtubules are constantly being built at one end and deconstructed at the other.
While the chromosome is still getting ready, the kinetochore sends out a chemical stop signal to the rest of the cell, shown here by the red molecules, basically saying this chromosome is not yet ready to divide
The kinetochore also mechanically senses tension. When the tension is just right and the position and attachment are correct all the proteins get ready, shown here by turning green.
At this point the stop signal broadcasting system is not switched off. Instead it is literally carried away from the kinetochore down the microtubules by a dynein motor. This is really what it looks like. It has long ‘legs’ so it can avoid obstacles and step over the kinesins, molecular motors walking the other direction.

Studio filming by Raquel Nuno

The one minute tale of a survivalist. When the siren rings in the distance, a family has to get inside the shelter… Nothing will ever be the same again. Feedback greatly appreciated. My submission to the Filmriot and Filmstro One Minute Short Film Challenge (‘Volcano’ track was used). Please bear in mind that I shot it in a few hours and edited it in two days, I’m still learning! The siren alarm is https://freesound.org/people/audiojacked/sounds/336640/

Pioneering NYC artist, Gwyneth Leech, enters a midtown art studio only to find that her skyline view will soon be blocked by the construction of yet another high-rise hotel. But as the perspective out her window permanently shifts, so does the artist’s point of view. The Monolith is directed by Angelo J. Guglielmo, Jr. (The Woman Who Wasn’t There), produced and shot by Andy Bowley, EP’d by Andrea L. Smith. Rosie Walunas adeptly employed the Adobe Creative Suite to bring over 200 pieces of Leech’s beautiful artwork to life using Animation, Motion Graphics and Compositing. Leech has exhibited her work across the United States and the UK in museums, commercial galleries, public art spaces, and alternative venues. For additional information on the artist, please visit: http://gwynethleech.com DIRECTOR: ANGELO J. GUGLIELMO, JR. PRODUCERS: ANDY BOWLEY, ROSIE WALUNAS EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS: ANGELO J. GUGLIELMO, JR., ANDREA SMITH DIRECTOR OF PHOTOGRAPHY: ANDY BOWLEY EDITOR: ROSIE WALUNAS COMPOSER: ABRAHAM CLEMENTS SOUND MIXER: DAVID WILSON STILL PHOTOGRAPHY: BEN KESSLER ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHY: GWYNETH LEECH, SARA KERENS, MARIANNE BARCELLONA COLORISTS: BEN BROOKSBY, SAM WILES GRAPHIC DESIGN/POSTER: STEVE KIRWAN www.facebook.com/themonolithmovie

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Meet Tigran Chibukhchyan, an adrenaline junkie in Yerevan, Armenia whose created the longest, most magnificent zipline in the world. His dream is to build the most extreme sports amusement park in the world and you’ll learn his philosophy behind wanting to give people the greatest thrill of their lives.

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CREDITS
Directed by:
Addison O’Dea

Starring:
Tigran Chibukhohyan

Executive Producers:
Patrick J. Milling-Smith
Fredrik M. Frizell
Samantha Storr

Project Executive Producer:
Melissa Roldan

Executive Producer, Head of Production:
Mamta P. Trivedi

Executive Producer, Head of Post Production:
Luisa Murray

Discovery
Executive Producer:
Rebecca Howard

Creative Producer:
Saschka Unseld

Executive in Charge of Production:
Jeffrey Abramson

Executive in Charge of Branded Experience:
Kyle Ranson-Walsh

Project Manager:
Amanda Phillips

Here Be Dragons
VR Director of Photography, Head of Camera:
Kate Wurzbacher

Field Producer:
Ari Palitz

Post Production Producer:
Curtis Augspurger

Lead Editor:
Matt Gelb

Co-Editor:
Erin Nordstrom

Lead Assistant Editor:
Alex Gamble

Assistant Editors:
Scott Beatty
Evan Bluestein
Marco Rosas
Stephen Shirk

Production Supervisor:
Courtney Nolen

Production Coordinator:
DeeAhna Hernandez

Associate Post Producer:
Jordan Stricklin

Post Development Coordinator:
Marisa DeMarini

Post Production Assistant:
Jeremy Long

Vault Manager:
Shawn Alston

1st Assistant Camera:
Jonathan Irish

Researchers:
Lauren Jones Conley
Emilie Firn

Stills Photographer:
Sye Williams

In Kind Sponsorships and Special Thanks
Fstop Backpacks
G-Technology
Garmin
Iridium
Lite Gear
Matthews Studio Equipment
Vitec Videocom Inc.

Armenia Crew
Line Producer:
Anna Zakharyan

Location Manager:
Erika Badalyan

Sound Engineer:
Arthur Khachatryan

DIT:
Hamo Kocharyan

Coordinator/Translator:
Liana Avetisyan

Production Assistant:
Stella Ter-Hakobyan

Producer Assistant:
Nora Ananyan

Additional Finishing
Translations & Transcriptions Provided by:
Keystrokes

Original Music:
Justin D. Wright

Mix and Sound Design:
Guitar:
Ben O’Neill

Cello:
Eric Cooper

Drums:
Lance Koehler

Vihuela and Vocals:
Shae Fiol

Violin and Vocals:
Mireya Ramos

Latin Percussion:
Gianna Mano

Flutes:
David Weiss

Guitar:
Tim Schilling

Color by:
Apache Digital

Colorist:
Shane Reed
Taylor Black

Color Assistants:
Quinn Alvarez
Rigoberto Alvarez

Color Executive Producer
LaRue Anderson

Color Producer
Caitlin Forrest

Opening Sequence
Art Designer:
Joanna Neborsky

MGFX Artists:
Ken G. Lee
Thomas Wooh
Claudia Yi Leon
Tiffany Lin

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